The Current War: Director's Cut

In 1880, a visionary inventor, Thomas Edison, finds himself financially strained but determined as he reveals his groundbreaking electric light-bulb. His ambitious vision includes supplying power to various American neighborhoods utilizing Direct Current (DC), a cleaner and more affordable alternative to gaslight, albeit limited by its range and the need for an elaborate wiring system. Edison’s goal centers on electrifying the first district in Manhattan, but he faces the challenge of securing two locations to accommodate his dynamos.

Seeking validation, Edison travels to the White House to unveil his innovative Phonograph to the President of the United States, joined by the influential financier J.P. Morgan, a regular backer of his ventures. During this pivotal meeting, Morgan proposes a partnership with a substantial investment of $150,000, but Edison categorically declines. His convictions run deep; he refuses to exploit his inventions to endanger lives. Instead, Morgan decides to support Edison’s electrification initiative for the Manhattan district, leading to a significant milestone when Edison lights up the New York Stock Exchange on September 4, 1882.

Meanwhile, the formidable George Westinghouse, an affluent businessman and inventor based in Pittsburg, seeks to learn about Edison’s innovations. After attempting to arrange a dinner with Edison, he is met with snubbery when Edison chooses to bypass Pittsburg without stopping, even as Westinghouse and his wife eagerly await his arrival. This rejection stirs Westinghouse to champion Alternating Current (AC), which boasts superior efficiency and can cover larger distances at significantly lower costs. Thus, a fierce rivalry ignites as Edison and Westinghouse compete to secure cities across the United States for their respective systems.

Edison soon realizes that his DC system requires a staggering 100,000 feet of copper wiring for every 100 customers, presenting a grim outlook for profitability. In sharp contrast, Westinghouse’s AC can travel several thousand miles with just a single generator, rendering it 75% more efficient. In an effort to demonstrate his commitment, Westinghouse showcases an AC system at Great Barrington in March 1886.

As the battle rages on, the brilliant inventor Nikola Tesla arrives in the United States and initially joins Edison’s team. However, he soon becomes disenchanted with Edison’s reluctance to accept new methodologies and methods that could revolutionize their work. Tesla believes fervently that AC is the superior technology, comprising far fewer resources. Nonetheless, upon realizing Edison’s promise of a $50,000 reward for solving five challenges was merely a jest, Tesla parts ways with Edison.

Edison’s aggressive protection of his intellectual properties culminates in legal actions against Westinghouse for utilizing his light-bulbs without consent. While Westinghouse utilizes designs from Hamil, Edison asserts ownership of the entire light-bulb design, leading to protracted lawsuits over seemingly trivial details like the bulb’s corkscrew mechanisms, which he claims dominion over.

As tensions escalate, Edison goes on the offensive, presenting claims to the press that aim to tarnish AC’s reputation, branding it dangerous and lethal, while Westinghouse focuses on the technical superiority of his invention. With Edison’s struggles to make DC affordable juxtaposed against Westinghouse’s determined efforts to optimize AC systems, the stakes continue to rise. Personal tragedies also assail them both; Edison’s wife, Mary Edison, passes away, while Westinghouse’s associate Franklin Pope meets an untimely end in an electrical accident during an ambitious project.

In a bid to rejuvenate finances, Edison releases his Phonograph commercially in 1890, but this time it comes hand in hand with ethically dubious tactics. To discredit AC, he depicts its hazardous nature by showcasing the gruesome electrocution of animals. To further complicate matters, he clandestinely assists in developing the electric chair, a point of deep internal conflict given his previous opposition to weapons of death.

With the public’s faith in Westinghouse’s AC waning, exacerbated by the tragic outcomes surrounding its utilization, Edison begins to reclaim lost ground, persuading cities to adopt his DC system instead. When J.P. Morgan offers $5 million to purchase Westinghouse’s company, Westinghouse refuses under conditions that the future of electrical power relies on Edison’s choice. However, his wife, Marguerite Westinghouse, implores him not to forsake the very company he established.

As events unfold, the first execution by electrocution occurs with William Kemmler as the main victim, drawing widespread condemnation and labeling it as “Far Worse Than Hanging.” In an attempt to swing public opinion back, Westinghouse enlists lawyers to challenge the electric chair’s humane status. They call Edison to testify, leveraging his esteemed reputation, only for him to affirm that AC is, in fact, painless — a statement he later grapples with when public outcry falls upon him for sanctioning such a tragic fate.

In a pivotal turn of events, Westinghouse finds out about Edison’s role and showcases this duplicity to the media, which ignites public backlash against Edison for his perceived complicity in the abhorrent execution. After facing multiple setbacks, Tesla is approached by Westinghouse, who offers to collaborate on building a functional AC motor. Tesla, albeit resource-strapped, has the ingenious designs but only needs the capital to turn them into reality. They settle on an agreement where Westinghouse’s investment would effectively allow Tesla to reach millionaire status through their partnership.

As the conflict intensifies, Edison finds himself overshadowed. J.P. Morgan orchestrates the merger of Edison Electric with General Electric, affording Edison some stock options and a position on the board. The tension peaks when both inventors submit proposals to illuminate the grand 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Samuel Insull, representing Edison, faces off against Westinghouse’s formidable exhibit, and to everyone’s astonishment, Westinghouse emerges victorious, dazzling the fair with his innovative lighting solution.

During a fleeting encounter at the fair, Edison reflects on the nature of invention and expresses a hopeful vision of his next creation, jesting that his future endeavor in motion pictures may leave an indelible mark, possibly eclipsing his electrical legacy. Following pivotal breakthroughs, Tesla and Westinghouse achieve a major feat by harnessing electricity from Niagara Falls and setting a new paradigm in electricity distribution.

Despite their triumph in technology, the fate of Tesla is tragic; he dies impoverished in a New York hotel room, unbeknownst to the expansive impact of his inventions. Years later, in 1911, Westinghouse receives the esteemed Edison Medal from the American Association of Electrical Engineers, a milestone recognizing his contributions. Ultimately, Edison’s legacy continues through his invention of motion pictures, epitomized by his Kinetograph and Kinetoscope. Upon his death, a nation unified in remembrance, dimmed its lights for a poignant moment in honor of a man whose work revolutionized the very fabric of modern society.

Last Updated: February 02, 2025 at 08:46