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Plot Summary

The Great War (1959) Plot Summary Explained

Release, runtime and language
1959 · 137 mins · Italian
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Directed by
Mario Monicelli
Starring
Livio Lorenzon, Bernard Blier, Alberto Sordi, Carlo D'Angelo, Silvana Mangano, Romolo Valli

Italy, 1916. Oreste Jacovacci and Giovanni Busacca are called, as all the Italian youths, to serve the army in the WWI. They both try in every way to avoid serving the army.

On this page (6)
  1. 1 Where to watch
  2. 2 What happens: full plot
  3. 3 Plot questions answered
  4. 4 Movie threads
  5. 5 Movies like The Great War
  6. 6 Every angle
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Full plot summary · contains spoilers

What Happens in The Great War: Full Plot Summary

The whole story of The Great War (1959) explained, from the opening scene to the final frame: every key event, every twist and what it all adds up to. Read it as a quick recap before the sequel, to check a scene you missed, or to finally understand what really happened.

In 1916, as the call to arms sweeps across a tense Rome, Oreste Jacovacci, Alberto Sordi, and Giovanni Busacca, Vittorio Gassman, cross paths in a military district facing the looming specter of conscription. Oreste,

a schemer who tries to buy his way out, misleads the earnest Giovanni with a fateful promise of help in exchange for money. The two meet again on a train bound for the front, and though their temperaments are worlds apart, a fragile bond begins to form. What keeps them together is not shared ideals or noble causes, but a shared fear and a stubborn will to navigate the war without drawing too much danger toward themselves. Over the course of their days in training, the heat of combat, and the rare moments of leave, they drift from skepticism to a wary understanding, each one probing the other’s instincts and limits while the war looms around them.

The battlefield becomes their crucible. They survive the grueling routines of training and the brutal churn of combat, all while witnessing the devastating defeat at Caporetto—a blow that reshapes their outlook and the dangerous calculus of their days. After this catastrophe, they are reassigned as relay runners, a role described as among the most perilous and physically taxing, because they are deemed the least efficient members of the troop. Yet in this assignment, they still cling to the instinct to stay alive, even as the war presses in from every side.

One evening, after completing their mission, they find respite in the stable of an outpost not far from the front line. A sudden Austrian advance sweeps them into enemy territory, and in a moment of fear and improvisation they swap into the coats of the Austro-Hungarian army, hoping to slip through the net of danger. They are captured, accused of espionage, and condemned to be shot. Faced with mortal fear, Oreste blurts out that they possess crucial information about the Italian counterattack on the Piave River, hoping to bargain for mercy. Yet the contempt and overbearing arrogance of the Austrian officer—and a biting joke that belittles Italians—ignite a fierce pride in both men, steering them toward a stubborn resolve to protect their own secrets rather than betray their country.

In the tense hours that follow, Giovanni openly taunts the Austrian officer, while Oreste clings to the integrity of their discovery and the possibility of a greater plan beyond their own survival. The moment of truth arrives with the realization that their sacrifice may already be sealed by the misjudgments of their captors. Oreste is shot, and Giovanni’s fate hangs in the balance as the battle rages on. The Italian counteroffensive eventually leads to a reconquest of the position, and the film closes on a somber note: their captain, Bernard Blier, remains unaware of the pair’s ultimate act of courage, commenting on their escape as if it were a simple, lucky exit rather than a selfless act of sacrifice.

Throughout the story, the two men move from wary pragmatists to reluctant heroes, their relationship underscored by a quiet solidarity that grows in the shadow of war. The narrative immerses the viewer in the texture of wartime Italy—the claustrophobic routines, the perilous misadventures, and the ethical tremors that accompany moments of fear, loyalty, and dignity. The outcome is not built on grand gestures or declarations of glory, but on the steadiness of two soldiers who choose to protect a larger secret and, in doing so, reveal a deeper depth of character when tested by the brutal logic of war.

Last updated: October 07, 2025 at 08:25

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Plot questions answered

The Great War Plot Explained: Your Questions Answered

The questions people ask most about The Great War (1959): what happens in the confusing scenes, why the characters do what they do, the twists, hidden details and what the ending means. Each answer contains spoilers.

Q1

Why did Oreste and Giovanni end up at the front despite trying to avoid military service?

Oreste attempted to bribe his way out of conscription, but his scheme failed. Both were eventually conscripted like all Italian youths in 1916. When they met again on the train heading to the front, their initial anger at seeing each other gave way to reluctant sympathy as they realized they shared the same pragmatic goal of surviving the war.

Foreshadowing: The film's opening establishes their shared fear of conscription and sets up their inevitable journey to the front lines.

  • oreste jacovacci
  • giovanni busacca
  • conscription
  • dodging army
  • italian soldiers
Q2

What does being labeled 'least efficient' mean for Oreste and Giovanni's assignment as relay runners?

After the devastating defeat at Caporetto in 1917, Oreste and Giovanni were reassigned as relay runners because their commanders considered them the least efficient troops. This was one of the most dangerous roles in the military, requiring soldiers to run messages under fire across exposed terrain, essentially using them as expendable personnel.

Foreshadowing: Their earlier failures and self-preservation tactics during training and combat led to this perilous assignment.

  • relay runners
  • least efficient
  • caporetto
  • dangerous military roles
  • italian army
Q3

Why did Oreste and Giovanni put on Austro-Hungarian army coats when captured?

After completing a relay mission, they were sleeping in a stable near the front line when a sudden Austrian advance swept them behind enemy lines. In a moment of fear and improvisation, they swapped into the coats of the Austro-Hungarian army, hoping to blend in and slip through the advancing enemy lines undetected.

Foreshadowing: Their instinct for self-preservation leads them to make a desperate, dangerous choice that only deepens their trouble.

  • austrian coats
  • captured
  • enemy territory
  • disguise
  • espionage accusation
Q4

Why did Oreste reveal they knew about the Italian counterattack on the Piave River?

Faced with the firing squad and certain death, Oreste panicked and blurted out that they possessed crucial information about the Italian counterattack on the Piave River, hoping this knowledge would bargain for their lives and mercy from the Austrian officers.

Foreshadowing: This desperate attempt at survival ultimately backfires, as it gives the Austrians a reason to keep them alive for interrogation.

  • piave river
  • counterattack
  • italian offensive
  • oreste jacovacci
  • interrogation
Q5

Why did Giovanni and Oreste choose to stay silent about the counterattack even when facing execution?

Despite revealing the information to save themselves, the Austrian officer's arrogance and contemptuous joke belittling Italians ignited fierce pride in both men. This insult hardened their resolve to protect the military secret rather than betray their country, leading them to pretend they knew nothing despite facing the firing squad.

Foreshadowing: Their earlier cowardice transforms into quiet defiance as national dignity overrides their survival instinct.

  • silence
  • espionage
  • execution
  • italian pride
  • austrian officer
  • counterattack secret
Q6

How did the Caporetto defeat affect Oreste and Giovanni's story?

The crushing Italian defeat at Caporetto in 1917 was a turning point that irreversibly altered their outlook. The chaotic retreat and devastation around them sharpened their awareness of their own fragility. After Caporetto, they were reassigned as relay runners, marking a shift in their journey from simply trying to avoid danger to actively participating in the war's flow.

Foreshadowing: This catastrophic defeat reshapes their character arc and the dangerous calculus of their survival.

  • caporetto
  • 1917 defeat
  • italian army
  • turning point
  • world war 1
Q7

How do Oreste and Giovanni evolve from self-preservers to heroes?

Throughout the film, the two men move from skeptical pragmatists who only want to survive without drawing danger to themselves, to reluctant heroes who choose collective honor over personal survival. Their bond deepens through shared fear and hardship, culminating in their decision to sacrifice themselves by staying silent about the Piave counterattack, an act that reveals their deeper character.

Foreshadowing: The film gradually shows how the war tests and transforms their moral compass.

  • character arc
  • evolution
  • heroism
  • self-preservation
  • sacrifice
  • italian soldiers
Q8

Why wasn't Oreste and Giovanni's sacrifice recognized by their captain?

After Oreste is shot and Giovanni survives, the Italian counteroffensive at Piave leads to victory and reconquest of the position. Their captain remains completely unaware of their heroic act of staying silent to protect military intelligence. He comments approvingly about their supposed clever escape, viewing it as simple luck rather than a selfless sacrifice. The film closes with this tragic misperception, highlighting the unnoticed heroism of ordinary soldiers.

Foreshadowing: The captain's misunderstanding is set up early when he dismisses their capabilities as soldiers.

  • captain
  • unrecognized sacrifice
  • heroism
  • italian victory
  • piave
  • bernard blier
Q9

Why did Oreste die while Giovanni survived?

During the confrontation with the Austrian officer, Oreste is shot as the culmination of their defiance. Giovanni survives the encounter, though he bears the weight of their shared decision to stay silent. The exact mechanics of who gets shot depends on the chaos of the moment, but Oreste's death represents the ultimate price paid for their choice to protect military secrets.

Foreshadowing: The foreshadowing earlier shows both men prepared to face the consequences of their defiance.

  • oreste death
  • giovanni survival
  • execution
  • shot
  • sacrifice
Q10

What makes the film's ending bittersweet?

The ending balances tragic loss with quiet dignity. Oreste dies for their act of silent resistance, yet their sacrifice saves valuable military intelligence that helps win the battle at Piave. However, this heroism goes completely unrecognized, the captain thinks they simply escaped cleverly. The film closes on this somber note, highlighting the tragedy of silent heroism in war where those who make the ultimate sacrifice are often forgotten.

Foreshadowing: The narrative builds toward this moment of unacknowledged valor throughout the film.

  • bittersweet ending
  • tragic hero
  • sacrifice unrecognized
  • italian victory
  • war heroism
Q11

What happens in the military district scene at the beginning of the film?

In the opening scene set in 1916 Rome, Oreste Jacovacci arranges a corrupt deal to avoid serving, attempting to bribe his way out of conscription. He deceives Giovanni Busacca by promising help in exchange for money, though the scheme falls apart. This encounter establishes their fraught but lasting alliance and sets up their parallel journeys toward the front lines.

Foreshadowing: This initial deceit establishes the moral complexity of both characters and their eventual transformation.

  • military district
  • rome
  • bribery
  • conscription
  • alberto sorrdi
  • vittorio gassman

Movie threads

More Movies Like The Great War, by Mood & Story

Curated lists built around what makes The Great War tick: the same mood, the same kind of story or the same emotional payoff. Each list explains why these movies belong together.

Movies about reluctant heroes like The Great War

Stories of ordinary people discovering unexpected courage amid chaos. Explore films like The Great War where characters evolve from cowardice to quiet courage. If you enjoyed the arc of Oreste and Giovanni, you'll find similar stories of unlikely heroes rising to the occasion in the face of overwhelming adversity.

  • grim
  • tense
  • somber
  • melancholic
  • stoic
  • transformative
  • Tone: bittersweet, somber, stoic
  • Pacing: steady, character-driven
Why these movies?

The story pattern: The narrative follows a character or group who are initially resistant, fearful, or cynical about the conflict they are forced into. Through shared hardship and often the development of a key relationship, they undergo a profound internal shift, culminating in an act of heroism that is as much about personal integrity as it is about external victory.

Why they belong together: These movies are grouped by the powerful and specific character arc of transformation under pressure. They share a focus on internal growth over external action, a bittersweet tone where heroism is born from frailty, and an emotional weight that comes from earned character development.

Grim and realistic war movies like The Great War

Unflinching portrayals of war's psychological and physical toll. Find movies similar to The Great War that capture the grim, anxious, and claustrophobic feel of trench warfare. If you appreciated its somber tone and focus on survival, explore these other films that depict the human cost of conflict with unflinching realism.

  • grim
  • anxious
  • claustrophobic
  • tense
  • somber
  • melancholic
  • Tone: grim, bittersweet, melancholic
  • Pacing: steady, immersive
Why these movies?

The story pattern: Stories in this thread are less about grand strategy and more about the ground-level experience of soldiers. The narrative is often linear, following a unit or individuals through a campaign, emphasizing the constant threat, the futility of war, and the small, human moments of connection that provide brief respite from the horror.

Why they belong together: These films are united by a specific, immersive vibe: a high-intensity, grim, and anxious mood that makes the viewer feel the weight and terror of war. They share a steady pacing that allows the atmosphere to build, a bittersweet or bleak tone, and a focus on topics like survival and sacrifice.

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Every angle

The Great War (1959) Explained: Plot, Timeline & Characters

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