Luther

A violent thunderstorm drives Luther to fear for his life. In the crisis, he dedicates himself to God and chooses the Augustinian path, becoming an Augustinian friar. The decision marks the start of his lifelong religious journey.

Two years into his vows, Luther serves at St. Augustine's Monastery in Erfurt and wrestles with the image of God as a deity of hate. His supervisor, Johann von Staupitz, counsels him to seek Christ's mercy rather than his own judgment. The mentor's guidance steers Luther toward a more compassionate understanding of faith.

Luther delivers a letter for Staupitz to Rome and is unsettled by the city's hypocrisy and wealth. In Rome he encounters relics and even a skull claimed to be John the Baptist, and he purchases an indulgence, which troubles him. This experience plants the seeds for his later critique of indulgences.

Back in Germany, Luther is assigned to Wittenberg where he begins teaching that God is not a God of hate but a God of love. He emphasizes grace and mercy over wrath in his sermons and writings. This shift sets the stage for challenging church practices.

With the backdrop of Pope Leo X's papacy, Luther denounces indulgences as a mere paper and questions their authority. He pins his 95 theses to the door of the church, calling for an open debate about indulgences. This act ignites a clash with church authorities.

Luther is summoned to Augsburg to answer before Cardinal Cajetan and other church officials. The questioning tests his resolve and willingness to defend his reformist views. The encounter intensifies the confrontation between reformers and papal authority.

Following his condemnation, the pope excommunicates Luther and orders him to be delivered to Rome. Prince-elector Frederick the Wise intervenes, offering sanctuary and protection in Saxony. Luther evades capture and continues his reform work from his new safe haven.

Luther is brought before Charles V and the Cardinals at Worms, where he is asked to recant his writings. He asks for time to consider his response, and the next day he refuses to recant his beliefs. The trial establishes his defiant stand and secures his status as an outlaw in the eyes of the Empire.

Frederick the Wise hides Luther at Wartburg Castle to protect him from authorities. During this exile, Luther begins translating the Bible into German, bringing religious texts to a broader audience. The secretive stay deepens his influence on the Reformation.

Luther's former colleague Andreas Karlstadt encourages the Great Peasants' Revolt against oppressive nobles. Luther is shocked by the revolt and urges the princes to quell it, differentiating reform from social upheaval. The tension highlights rivalries within the reform movement.

While in exile, Luther completes a German translation of the Bible, making scriptures accessible to lay readers. The project cements his influence on Protestant practice and German religious culture. The translated Bible becomes a cornerstone of the Luther era.

Luther marries Katharina von Bora, a former nun, sealing a new personal life alongside his public reform. The marriage challenges conventions and strengthens the reformist leadership in Wittenberg. Their partnership becomes a symbol of Protestant family life.

Charles V summons evangelical princes to the Diet of Augsburg to outlaw Protestantism and the German Bible. The nobles refuse to recant and, instead, are allowed to present the Augsburg Confession. The event marks a formal confrontation between reformers and Catholic authorities.