Desire Under the Elms

Anna kills the baby because Eben, during a heated argument, tells her he wishes the child were dead and that he never wants to see her again. Overwhelmed by love for Eben and terrified of losing him, Anna believes eliminating the child will prove her commitment to him and win back his affection. The act is a desperate attempt to salvage their relationship, though it ultimately leads to tragedy.

Earlier, Anna deceives Ephraim into believing the baby is his, showing her willingness to do anything to secure her position on the farm.

Ephraim's obsession with the land stems from greed and a desire for ultimate control. After losing two wives and feeling betrayed by his sons, he declares that he would rather see the farm burned than have any of his family inherit it. This represents his belief that if he cannot possess the farm forever, no one else should. His cruel declaration establishes the destructive family dynamics that drive the entire tragedy.

Ephraim's first wife originally owned the land, and his second wife pleaded with Eben to claim it as his birthright, setting up the conflict over inheritance.

Eben returns to the farm after threatening to tell the sheriff about the infanticide because he cannot abandon his love for Anna. Before the sheriff arrives, he confesses both his love for her and his own role in the infant's death, he admits he is the father and was complicit in the tragedy. His confession binds him to Anna and forces them to face the consequences together, even though it means imprisonment.

Eben's earlier jealousy and harsh words to Anna about wishing the baby dead directly contribute to her desperate act.

Anna allows Ephraim to think the infant is his so that he will promise to will the farm to her and the child. By deceiving the old man, Anna believes she can secure ownership of the property, the very thing Eben has been fighting for. This deception is part of her calculated power play within the household, though it ultimately fails when the truth emerges.

The affair between Anna and Eben begins almost immediately upon her arrival, establishing her willingness to pursue what she wants regardless of consequences.

Ephraim's harsh treatment stems from his relentless greed and control over the land. He has overworked his two previous wives to death and keeps his three sons in servile labor because he views everyone as tools for maintaining his property. His philosophy is that the land matters more than any human relationship, which is why he can casually declare his intent to burn it rather than let anyone else have it.

The film establishes early that the land originally belonged to Ephraim's second wife, highlighting how he seized control of property through marriage.

Eben uses money stolen from his father to purchase the shares belonging to his half-brothers Peter and Simeon because his dying mother pleaded with him to claim the farm as his birthright. The land originally belonged to his mother, and Eben believes he is the rightful heir. By removing his brothers from the equation, he hopes to gain full control of the property that he feels was stolen from him.

Eben's mother dies early in the film after begging him to take the farm, establishing his single-minded determination to possess it.

At the end, the sheriff arrives at the farm and takes both Anna and Eben to jail following the infanticide. Before the arrest, Eben confesses his love for Anna and admits his role in the crime. Ephraim condemns them both and insists the farm will not go to anyone. The film ends with the lovers being led away while the old man remains alone on his land, which he has vowed to destroy rather than surrender.

Ephraim's earlier declaration that the farm should be burned rather than inherited directly parallels the final outcome where he remains in bitter isolation.

Anna enters into an adulterous affair with Eben almost immediately upon arriving at the farm. Her motivations are both physical attraction and a strategic desire to gain power over Ephraim and the property. As a young, headstrong woman married to an elderly man, she is drawn to Eben's youth and shares his hunger for ownership of the farm. Their affair becomes a vehicle for both passion and the ongoing family conflict over inheritance.

The timeline shows that the affair ignites right after Anna's arrival, immediately complicating the household dynamics.

The neighbors openly mock Ephraim as a cuckold because they are aware of Anna's affair with Eben. The entire village seems to know about the adulterous relationship, and they gleefully taunt the old man who remains oblivious to the truth. The social ridicule underscores Ephraim's isolation and the breakdown of his control, as even the community laughs at his humiliation.

The affair is conducted openly enough that the entire village is aware of it, highlighting how the family's dysfunction has become public knowledge.

Ephraim brings home Anna, a beautiful young woman from Italy, as his new wife despite being an elderly farmer. His motivation appears to be a desire for companionship and perhaps an attempt to produce an heir who could inherit the farm. However, this decision proves catastrophic, as Anna quickly turns against him and forms the affair with Eben that ultimately destroys the family.

Ephraim's pattern of marrying women suggests he views wives as possessions, much like his view of the land.