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Attack and Retreat (1964) movie poster

Plot Summary

Attack and Retreat (1964) Plot Summary Explained

Release, runtime and language
1964 · 148 mins · Italian
Directed by
Giuseppe De Santis
Starring
Peter Falk, Gino Pernice, Aleksandr Kuznetsov, Arthur Kennedy, Franco Moruzzi, Tatyana Samoylova

They were damned by fate and dogged by a deadly foe! Chronicle of the unheralded and unsuccessful invasion of the Soviet Union by the Italian army during World War II.

On this page (5)
  1. 1 What happens: full plot
  2. 2 Plot questions answered
  3. 3 Movie threads
  4. 4 Movies like Attack and Retreat
  5. 5 Every angle

Full plot summary · contains spoilers

What Happens in Attack and Retreat: Full Plot Summary

The whole story of Attack and Retreat (1964) explained, from the opening scene to the final frame: every key event, every twist and what it all adds up to. Read it as a quick recap before the sequel, to check a scene you missed, or to finally understand what really happened.

Set against the vast, unforgiving landscapes of the Soviet Union in July 1941, Colonel Sermonti, Andrea Checchi, leads an Italian CSIR regiment tasked with supporting German forces on the Eastern Front. What starts as a mission filled with purpose soon unravels into a harsh reality: endless miles through harsh weather, wary locals, and the blunt mistreatment by German troops. Front-line skirmishes, scorched-earth tactics, and strained alliances muddy the initial optimism as the offensive near Moscow stalls and morale begins to fracture.

A year later, the CSIR is folded into the 8th Italian Army and pushed to back German operations during a renewed summer drive. The Soviets mount a counteroffensive, forcing the Italians to defend along the Don River and ultimately retreat under mounting pressure. Through this crucible, a small circle of soldiers is forged and tested, their loyalty pulled toward courage, stubborn resilience, and the toll of war.

The core of the tale revolves around a handful of fates intertwined with the siege itself: Loris, a naive Romagnol farmer who dies after following a Russian girl into a sunflower field; Gino Pernice as Collodi, a Tuscan typesetter whose quiet integrity and stubborn sense of duty collide with the chaos around him; Calò, a Sicilian whose stubborn resilience meets the brutal realities of captivity alongside the colonel; Arthur Kennedy as Major Ferri, a hidden fascist whose true loyalties surface in the heat of retreat; and Giuseppe Sanna, Riccardo Cucciolla, whose death sends Libero, a Roman plumber, reeling as he leaves the group to try to navigate a perilous return home, only to be broken by a vicious storm.

In the foreground of personal loss and moral tension, the narrative hints at intimate encounters that shape choices under fire: a Russian girl, Sonya, Tatyana Samoylova, whose presence lingers in the sunflower field where Loris falls, and the shadow of other relationships and encounters that test the soldiers’ humanity amid war’s inexorable grind. The film keeps faith with its ensemble, tracing how each man’s arc—whether through sacrifice, retreat, or the perilous push toward home—reflects the broader arc of a campaign that never quite achieves its promised victory, yet leaves a lasting imprint on those who survive.

Last updated: March 05, 2026 at 18:41

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Plot questions answered

Attack and Retreat Plot Explained: Your Questions Answered

The questions people ask most about Attack and Retreat (1964): what happens in the confusing scenes, why the characters do what they do, the twists, hidden details and what the ending means. Each answer contains spoilers.

Q1

Why does Loris follow the Russian girl into the sunflower field?

Loris, a naive Romagnol farmer, is drawn to the Russian girl Sonya during a moment of vulnerability and curiosity in the war-torn landscape. His rural background makes him relatable to the unfamiliar Slavic environment, and his death underscores how the war destroys innocence, personal tragedy strikes without regard for the broader military campaign.

  • loris
  • sonya
  • sunflower field
  • death
  • russian girl
  • italian soldier
Q2

Why is Major Ferri killed by his own men during the retreat?

Major Ferri is exposed as a hidden fascist whose ideological loyalties become problematic during the chaotic retreat. As the Italian forces collapse and disorder spreads, deep ideological rifts surface among the soldiers. His own comrades kill him, reflecting how internal political divisions and moral breakdown intensify when the military situation deteriorates.

Foreshadowing: Ferri's hidden fascist allegiances are hinted at early in the film through his rigid demeanor and ideological discussions.

  • major ferri
  • fascist
  • killed
  • retreat
  • ideological conflict
  • internal fighting
Q3

Why does Libero leave the group after Giuseppe's death?

Libero, a Roman plumber, is profoundly affected by Giuseppe Sanna's death, which sends him into emotional despair. His departure represents a breaking point, the psychological toll of constant loss becomes unbearable. He attempts to navigate home alone, but succumbs to a brutal storm, highlighting how the war breaks not just bodies but spirits.

  • libero
  • giuseppe sanna
  • leaves
  • death
  • storm
  • return home
  • roman plumber
Q4

How does Collodi die due to a comrade's action?

Collodi, the Tuscan typesetter known for his quiet integrity and stubborn sense of duty, dies because of a thoughtless or reckless act by another soldier in the unit. His death demonstrates how war creates collateral suffering beyond combat, mistakes and poor judgments by comrades ripple through the group, amplifying the tragedy beyond any strategic purpose.

  • collodi
  • tuscan typesetter
  • death
  • comrade
  • mistake
  • italian soldier
Q5

What happens to Calò after he becomes a Soviet prisoner?

Calò, the Sicilian soldier whose stubborn resilience stands out among the unit, is captured alongside Colonel Sermonti during the Soviet counteroffensive. Their captivity illustrates the shifting fortunes of soldiers caught between hostile powers. This marks a turning point for his character, showing survival through capture rather than death.

  • calò
  • sicilian
  • prisoner
  • soviet
  • captivity
  • colonel sermonti
  • captured
Q6

Why are the Italians forced to retreat from the Don River?

The Soviets launch a major counteroffensive that overwhelms the Italian positions along the Don River. The combination of mounting military pressure, deteriorating weather conditions, and strategic reversals forces the Italians to abandon their defensive stand. The retreat becomes a chaotic withdrawal under pressure, marking the collapse of their campaign.

Foreshadowing: The earlier stalled offensive near Moscow and the strained German alliance foreshadow the eventual collapse.

  • don river
  • retreat
  • soviet counteroffensive
  • italian army
  • 8th army
  • defeat
Q7

Why do German forces mistreat the Italian soldiers?

Italian troops encounter disrespect and unequal treatment from some German units throughout the campaign. This mistreatment creates simmering resentment and strains the alliance between the two Axis powers. The Germans view the Italians as less capable, leading to dismissive behavior that undermines cooperation and erodes morale among Italian forces.

  • germans
  • mistreatment
  • italian troops
  • alliance
  • disrespect
  • eastern front
  • csir
Q8

What happens to Colonel Sermonti by the end of the film?

Colonel Sermonti leads the Italian CSIR regiment throughout the campaign and is ultimately captured by Soviet forces alongside Calò. His fate represents the broader defeat of the Italian expedition, despite his leadership, he cannot prevent the collapse of his forces or his own capture.

Foreshadowing: Sermonti's leadership is tested throughout as the campaign deteriorates from initial optimism to catastrophic defeat.

  • colonel sermonti
  • colonel
  • captured
  • leader
  • csir
  • fate
  • captivity
Q9

How does the Soviet counteroffensive change the war for the Italians?

The Soviet counteroffensive fundamentally shifts the momentum of the Eastern Front against the Axis forces. For the Italians specifically, it forces them from their positions along the Don River into a desperate defensive stand and subsequent retreat. This marks the transition from a failing offensive to a full-scale retreat and eventual collapse of Italian forces in Russia.

Foreshadowing: The earlier stalling near Moscow and depleted resources had already weakened Italian combat effectiveness.

  • soviet counteroffensive
  • military pressure
  • don river
  • retreat
  • axis defeat
  • eastern front
Q10

Why is the CSIR reorganized into the 8th Italian Army?

In 1942, the CSIR (Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia) is reorganized and expanded into the 8th Italian Army to support the renewed German summer offensive. This restructuring reflects the escalation of Italian commitment to the Eastern Front, but also brings heavier casualties and higher risks as the campaign becomes more demanding.

  • csir
  • 8th italian army
  • reorganization
  • military structure
  • summer offensive

Movie threads

More Movies Like Attack and Retreat, by Mood & Story

Curated lists built around what makes Attack and Retreat tick: the same mood, the same kind of story or the same emotional payoff. Each list explains why these movies belong together.

Movies about descent into military despair like Attack and Retreat

Chronicles of military campaigns that spiral into futile suffering. Find more movies like Attack and Retreat that portray the futile suffering and grim reality of doomed military campaigns. These similar war stories explore the psychological toll and human cost of defeat.

  • grim
  • desperate
  • somber
  • fatalistic
  • harsh
  • oppressive
  • Tone: bleak, fatalistic, somber
  • Pacing: steady, relentless
Why these movies?

The story pattern: These narratives follow a linear, often episodic, progression from a state of order or enthusiasm to one of chaos, disillusionment, and destruction. The plot is driven by the relentless external pressures of the conflict and the internal breakdown of the characters.

Why they belong together: They are grouped by their unwavering bleak tone, heavy emotional weight, and focus on the collective tragedy of soldiers trapped in a losing battle. The shared experience is one of witnessing hope extinguished by the machinery of war.

Brutal survival movies in extreme conditions like Attack and Retreat

Stories of endurance against nature, enemies, and despair. If you liked the harsh survival elements of Attack and Retreat, discover more movies where characters endure extreme conditions and brutal circumstances. These films share a grim, oppressive mood and a focus on human resilience.

  • harsh
  • desperate
  • grim
  • oppressive
  • grueling
  • bleak
  • Tone: grim, oppressive, harsh
  • Pacing: steady, grueling
Why these movies?

The story pattern: The narrative centers on a group or individual pushed to their physical and psychological breaking point. The story is a test of endurance, often marked by episodic challenges that whittle down the characters, emphasizing the high cost of simply staying alive.

Why they belong together: They share a grim, oppressive atmosphere created by harsh settings and desperate situations. The pacing is steady and deliberate, building intensity through the constant threat of death and the exploration of human fragility.

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Movies Like Attack and Retreat

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Every angle

Attack and Retreat (1964) Explained: Plot, Timeline & Characters

Everything about Attack and Retreat in one place: what happens in the plot summary, the timeline in chronological order, the characters and meaning and a spoiler-free summary. What's After the Movie adds the cast, box office and post-credit scenes.

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