Plot Explained Spoilers guaranteed!
Plot Explained

Browse by genre

Barbarossa (2009) movie poster

Plot Summary

Barbarossa (2009) Plot Summary Explained

Release, runtime and language
2009 · 139 mins · English
Loading streaming availability…
Directed by
Renzo Martinelli
Starring
Kasia Smutniak, F. Murray Abraham, Ángela Molina, Rutger Hauer, Raz Degan, Emanuela Postacchini

In 1100 Italy, the German emperor Frederick Barbarossa rules the northern territories and dreams of extending his power southward to recreate Charlemagne’s empire. Opposing him, Milanese youth leader Alberto da Giussano gathers a “Company of Death” of 900 men from across the north, vowing to drive out the emperor and restore freedom to their lands.

On this page (6)
  1. 1 Where to watch
  2. 2 What happens: full plot
  3. 3 Plot questions answered
  4. 4 Movie threads
  5. 5 Movies like Barbarossa
  6. 6 Every angle
Loading streaming availability…

Full plot summary · contains spoilers

What Happens in Barbarossa: Full Plot Summary

The whole story of Barbarossa (2009) explained, from the opening scene to the final frame: every key event, every twist and what it all adds up to. Read it as a quick recap before the sequel, to check a scene you missed, or to finally understand what really happened.

Italy, 12th century. Northern Italy lies under the shadow of a German Emperor, the fierce Frederick I Hohenstaufen, better known as Barbarossa, Rutger Hauer. His grand aim is to reclaim and extend Charlemagne’s old empire, sweeping through Central and Southern Italy to unify the realm under a single rule. Yet in the north, a rival dream takes shape from the heart of Milan: a bold young leader named Alberto da Giussano, Raz Degan, has forged a formidable band—about 900 young men from different cities—into a loose, fearless force that longs to throw off foreign domination and restore freedom to Lombardy. This is the seed of a resistance that will test empires and shape a legend.

Barbarossa’s world expands further when, during a hunt, the Emperor is saved by a mysterious boy who introduces himself as Alberto da Giussano. In gratitude, Barbarossa gifts the youth an imperial dagger engraved with his own name, a symbol of the bond and the burden that will bind their fates together. A few years later, in Würzburg, the great seer Hildegard von Bingen, Ángela Molina, prophesies a troubling destiny: Frederick’s name will endure in memory for centuries, but a warning echoes through the lines of fate—the scythe that will bring defeat and water that will herald his death.

Back in Milan, the story widens as young Evandro, Ștefan Velniciuc, urges Alberto into action. The pair load goods onto a boat at the river, pursued by Lodigiani soldiers who claim the merchants must pay tolls for crossing their lands. In a brutal clash, Evandro slashes a soldier’s throat, and Alberto and his companions fight their way home, though Alberto is wounded in the fray. At home, two sisters—Tessa and Eleonora—offer a fragile calm, their faces bright with danger and desire as Eleonora, the brunette sister, steals a quick kiss from Alberto while he is still recovering.

Across the way, Milan’s leadership is tested. Two emissaries from Lodi arrive to plead for Barbarossa’s aid against the growing Milanese leverage, and a German emissary comes bearing a letter that names the Emperor’s will. But Milan’s cleric Gerardo—bold, even reckless—tramples the letter beneath his foot, and his ally Siniscalco Barozzi, F. Murray Abraham, is forced into a delicate game of loyalty and manipulation. Barozzi, clever and calculating, pushes Milan toward resistance even as the Emperor shows restraint—yet that restraint frays as Barozzi sees a city that may not bend.

The siege begins to take shape along the Adige River in Verona, where the Germans construct a new bridge and push their war machines forward. The Milanese respond with stubborn tenacity, and Barbarossa, angered by Verona’s boldness and Brescia’s brutal ruin, begins to assert his will with a hard hand. Eleonora, the sister of Alberto’s ally and love interest, becomes a point of tension as Barozzi’s schemes stir distrust and a dangerous love triangle begins to form around Tessa, a young woman whose future is glimpsed by the dagger she never wields. When Barozzi tries to press his claim to Tessa, she recoils from his cynical appetite for power, hinting at the precarious lines that will test both love and loyalty.

The siege intensifies. Alberto volunteers for dangerous tasks when Barozzi orders food sorties for Milan’s people; Barozzi dons a cruel calculus, exploiting the volunteers’ lives to sharpen his own grip on power. In a brutal moment, Barozzi uses a crossbow to strike down Ranero, Alberto’s own brother, a betrayal that steels Alberto’s resolve and sets in motion a vow of vengeance that will shape the war to come. After a night of grief, Alberto infiltrates Barbarossa’s camp and encounters the Emperor himself, who recognizes the gift of the dagger and, for a moment, offers a chance at mercy. Yet the war drums march onward, and Alberto returns to his father as the gates of Milan begin to bleed under pressure.

In Rome, Barbarossa, now crowned Emperor, faces the precarious blessing of a new papacy and the precarious plague that shadows his triumph. The Empress fears the mutability of loyalty and life in a city wracked by disease, while Eleonora—having survived a brutal era and formed a deeper bond with Alberto—begins to see a future beyond survival: a Lombard alliance that might stand against the Reich. In the mountains and monasteries of Lombardy, Alberto and his friends rally the towns, calling themselves the Company of Death and proclaiming their creed: "Death or freedom." Eleonora becomes a symbol of resilience and the pair’s relationship deepens, even as Barozzi’s grip pulls at the threads of trust.

With a growing chorus of Lombard towns—Parma, Cremona, Padua, Ferrara—joining the resistance, Alberto travels to the Pontida Monastery to rally a united front. The once-fractured Lombard League now stands as a united force, a coalition that will test Barbarossa’s discipline and the imperial might of a trampling army. Eleonora, who has endured through fire and fear, supports the cause and helps weld the alliance that could finally break the invader’s grip. Tessa’s memory—her courage and brief, luminous presence—haunts the narrative as Alberto battles not just soldiers but the politics of power that Barozzi and others wield with ease.

The fields of Legnano become the crucible for the Lombard resistance. From two miles out, the German army under Barbarossa believes victory is theirs, but the Lombards have learned to fight smarter. The enemy’s cavalry is weakened by new tactics and the terrifying steel of the Lombard lance and spears. Barozzi tries to shatter Alberto by striking at his closest kin; in the clash that follows, Barozzi’s bravado falters as Alberto drives a knife into his throat, ending the treacherous menace and sealing a hard-won victory for Legnano’s defenders. Amid the smoke and dust, Eleonora emerges on the battlefield, wounded but alive, revealing that a substitution saved her life and that Barozzi’s cruelty has not gone unpunished.

In the aftermath, the Lombard victory is tempered by heavy costs and uncertain futures. Eleonora and Alberto’s bond grows stronger, and the Empress’s suspicions about Eleonora’s supposed witchcraft threaten to unravel the fragile peace. The Emperor’s siege tunnels are exposed by rain and flood, forcing Barbarossa to retreat toward Pavia, a retreat that may be as much strategic as fatal. His cousin Henry the Lion appears with a purse of coins instead of troops, signaling a weakening of imperial resolve and a shift in the balance of power. As Barbarossa contemplates a grim retreat, the Empress’s faith in divine protection sends her to demand mercy for Eleonora, a demand Barbarossa refuses, setting up a confrontation between power and mercy that will linger in memory.

On the battlefield and in the camp, Alberto’s voice becomes the organizing force behind a broader resistance. He molds reluctant towns into a single, stubborn front—an army that will stand against the Emperor’s oppression. The Lombard League’s revival culminates in Legnano’s triumph, a symbolic turning point that promises freedom to Milan and to the Lombard cities that have endured the Emperor’s rule. The war’s narrative closes with a solemn epilogue: Barbarossa reappears briefly at Pavia, then vanishes into legend, while fourteen years later he meets his fate on a distant riverbank in Anatolia, felled by a serpent’s bite. The final text confirms that Alberto da Giussano lived a long life with Eleonora, that the Company of Death dissolved, and that the Lombard towns ultimately won their freedom through unity and courage.

Last updated: October 05, 2025 at 11:51

Was this helpful?

Plot questions answered

Barbarossa Plot Explained: Your Questions Answered

The questions people ask most about Barbarossa (2009): what happens in the confusing scenes, why the characters do what they do, the twists, hidden details and what the ending means. Each answer contains spoilers.

Q1

How did Barbarossa first meet Alberto da Giussano as a child?

When Alberto was a boy, he was nearly killed during a wild boar attack. Emperor Barbarossa saved his life, and in gratitude, the Emperor gifted Alberto an imperial dagger engraved with his own name. This act created a bond between them that would later become complicated as they found themselves on opposing sides of the conflict.

Foreshadowing: The dagger serves as a symbolic thread throughout the film, representing the complex loyalty and fate that binds the two men.

  • Barbarossa
  • Alberto da Giussano
  • childhood
  • dagger
  • gift
Q2

What did the seer Hildegard von Bingen prophesy about Barbarossa's fate?

At Würzburg, the prophetess Hildegard von Bingen warned Barbarossa that his name would endure in memory for centuries, but predicted his downfall through two symbols: a scythe would bring his defeat, and water would cause his death. These cryptic warnings prove prophetic, the scythe represents the Lombard League's victory at Legnano, and water refers to the serpent bite in Anatolia that kills him years later.

Foreshadowing: The prophecy establishes the film's tragic conclusion early, creating dramatic irony as viewers watch events unfold toward inevitable destiny.

  • Hildegard von Bingen
  • prophecy
  • scythe
  • water
  • Barbarossa death
Q3

Why does Siniscalco Barozzi betray Milan and work with Barbarossa?

Barozzi, though initially part of Milan's leadership, harbors ambitions for power that exceed his station. He manipulates events to push Milan toward open rebellion against Barbarossa, believing that chaos will elevate his own influence. His betrayal is driven by cynical self-interest rather than any genuine loyalty to the Emperor, he simply sees opportunity in the conflict and exploits it ruthlessly, even killing Alberto's own brother Ranero to further his schemes.

Foreshadowing: Early scenes show Barozzi pushing Milan toward resistance while simultaneously preparing to profit from the resulting conflict.

  • Barozzi
  • treason
  • Milan
  • betrayal
  • power
  • Ranero
Q4

How does Alberto infiltrate Barbarossa's camp and what happens there?

After Ranero's murder by Barozzi, Alberto sneaks into the German camp at night to confront the traitor. Barozzi openly admits his betrayal, and Alberto is captured along with other prisoners when German forces overrun the city. Barbarossa, recognizing the dagger Alberto carries, offers him a chance for mercy, but Alberto refuses to abandon his people.

Foreshadowing: This encounter sets up the personal confrontation between Alberto and Barozzi that will define their final battle.

  • Alberto
  • camp infiltration
  • captured
  • Barbarossa
  • dagger
Q5

What happens to Tessa at the nunnery and why does she die?

Tessa, one of the two sisters who welcomed Alberto home, is abducted by Barozzi from the nunnery where she sought refuge. He intends to force her into marriage to gain power over her family. Rather than submit to Barozzi's coercion, Tessa chooses to jump from a ledge and kills herself, becoming a tragic symbol of the personal costs of this political conflict.

Foreshadowing: Her death hardens Eleonora's resolve against Barozzi and fuels the resistance movement.

  • Tessa
  • death
  • nunnery
  • Barozzi
  • abduction
Q6

What happens to Eleonora at Alessandria and how does she survive?

Eleonora is captured by Barozzi and taken to the German camp at Alessandria, where she faces execution by burning at the stake under accusations of witchcraft. However, the Empress intercedes on her behalf, and a substitution saves her life, someone else dies in her place. This intervention preserves Eleonora so she can reappear at the Battle of Legnano, wounded but alive.

Foreshadowing: The Empress's mercy becomes crucial to Eleonora's survival and eventual reunion with Alberto.

  • Eleonora
  • captured
  • Alessandria
  • witchcraft
  • Empress
  • execution
Q7

How does the Lombard League form at Pontida?

After Milan's resistance galvanizes surrounding towns, Alberto travels to the Pontida Monastery where representatives from Parma, Cremona, Padua, Ferrara, and other Lombard cities gather to discuss unity. Under Alberto's leadership, they declare their creed of "Death or freedom" and form a united coalition, the Lombard League, to oppose Barbarossa's forces collectively.

Foreshadowing: This gathering establishes the coalition that will ultimately challenge and defeat the Emperor's army.

  • Lombard League
  • Pontida
  • Alberto
  • unity
  • cities
  • Company of Death
Q8

How do the Lombards win the Battle of Legnano against Barbarossa's army?

At Legnano, the Lombards employ new tactical approaches that counter the German cavalry advantage. They use steel lances and spears effectively against mounted knights, and the element of surprise works in their favor, the Germans believed victory was assured from two miles out. In the final confrontation, Alberto kills Barozzi by driving a stiletto into his throat, ending the treacherous threat to his family and to Milan.

Foreshadowing: The battle fulfills Hildegard's prophecy of the scythe bringing Barbarossa's defeat.

  • Battle of Legnano
  • Lombards
  • victory
  • Barozzi
  • cavalry
  • tactics
Q9

How does Barbarossa actually die in the end?

Fourteen years after his defeat at Legnano, Barbarossa embarks on a Crusade to the Holy Land. He meets his death on a distant riverbank in Anatolia when he is bitten by a serpent, fulfilling Hildegard's prophecy that "water" would bring his death. The Emperor who sought to unify Italy under his rule dies alone in foreign lands, while Alberto da Giussano lives a long life with Eleonora in Lombardy.

Foreshadowing: The prophecy at Würzburg explicitly foreshadows this fate through the imagery of water bringing death.

  • Barbarossa
  • death
  • snake bite
  • Anatolia
  • prophecy
  • water
Q10

What happens to the Company of Death after the war ends?

Following the Lombard victory at Legnano and the subsequent peace, the Company of Death, the band of approximately 900 young men Alberto gathered from across the north, disbands. With their purpose fulfilled and Lombard freedom secured through the League's unity, the warriors return to their homes and normal lives. Alberto and Eleonora live together, their relationship having deepened through years of conflict and sacrifice.

Foreshadowing: The film's epilogue confirms this peaceful resolution after the hardships of war.

  • Company of Death
  • disband
  • Alberto
  • Eleonora
  • Lombard
  • peace

Movie threads

More Movies Like Barbarossa, by Mood & Story

Curated lists built around what makes Barbarossa tick: the same mood, the same kind of story or the same emotional payoff. Each list explains why these movies belong together.

Epic Historical Rebellions Like Barbarossa

Sweeping tales of ordinary people rising up against tyrannical empires. For viewers who enjoyed the clash of empires in Barbarossa, this collection features movies about brave uprisings against overwhelming power. Discover similar historical dramas with intense battles, themes of freedom, and bittersweet victories that carry a heavy emotional toll.

  • epic
  • tense
  • heroic
  • somber
  • gritty
  • oppressive
  • Tone: tense, somber, heroic
  • Pacing: steady, epic build
Why these movies?

The story pattern: These narratives follow a clear trajectory: a powerful, oppressive force threatens a community's way of life, inspiring a reluctant or determined leader to unite a resistance. The story builds through strategic planning and escalating conflict, culminating in a decisive, costly battle where victory is achieved but tempered by profound loss.

Why they belong together: Movies in this thread share a core structure of rebellion against tyranny, a steady pacing that builds to epic confrontations, and a consistently high intensity driven by warfare and sacrifice. The dominant tone is tense and somber, with a heavy emotional weight, making the stakes feel real and the outcomes impactful.

Gritty Political War Dramas Similar to Barbarossa

Where military strategy and personal betrayal collide on the battlefield. If you liked the blend of battlefield action and backroom schemes in Barbarossa, explore these movies. They combine the chaos of war with the cunning of political strategy, creating a tense, heavy viewing experience about the true cost of power and freedom.

  • gritty
  • tense
  • oppressive
  • somber
  • strategic
  • betrayal
  • Tone: tense, gritty, somber
  • Pacing: steady, methodical
Why these movies?

The story pattern: Stories in this thread often unfold across dual fronts: the visceral violence of combat and the subtle, treacherous world of political allegiances and betrayals. Character arcs are defined by the moral compromises of leadership, where strategic victories can feel like personal defeats, and the line between hero and pragmatist is blurred.

Why they belong together: These films are grouped by their shared high intensity, steady pacing that balances action with dialogue-driven tension, and a consistently grim, tense tone. They are united by a focus on the logistical and moral complexities of warfare, ensuring the emotional weight remains heavy throughout.

If you liked this

Movies Like Barbarossa

Similar movies to Barbarossa: the same genre, themes or kind of story. Each one comes with its own plot summary, timeline and ending explained.

Browse all movie summaries

Every angle

Barbarossa (2009) Explained: Plot, Timeline & Characters

Everything about Barbarossa in one place: what happens in the plot summary, the timeline in chronological order, the characters and meaning and a spoiler-free summary. What's After the Movie adds the cast, box office and post-credit scenes.

Coming soon on iOS and Android

The Plot Explained Movie Summary App

Plot summaries, endings explained and timelines on your phone. Catch up on any movie in minutes, save your favorites and never miss a twist again.

Be the first to know when we launch. Your email stays private, always.

Learn more about the app