The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

Isildur cut off Sauron's finger to remove the Ring from his hand, believing that would strip Sauron of his power. He had no knowledge that the Ring could only be destroyed in Mount Doom, and the opportunity to physically separate Sauron from it seemed like immediate victory. The Ring's corruption already took hold of Isildur moments later, preventing him from making a rational choice about the Ring's fate.

The Ring has its own will and seeks to return to its master Sauron. After centuries of twisting Gollum's mind, the Ring recognized that Bilbo was a better vessel to eventually bring it closer to Mordor. When Gollum emerged from the mountains, the Ring slipped from his finger and was found by Bilbo. This transfer also coincided with Bilbo's luck and the Ring's timing, as the creature was away from his cave.

Gandalf believed the Ring was harmless at that time and wanted to spare Bilbo from the burden of knowing its true nature. He also feared that taking it by force would corrupt him, as even the wisest are vulnerable to the Ring's influence. Gandalf's caution proved justified, as he later admits he was unsure if he could resist the Ring's temptation himself.

The Witch-King stabbed Frodo with a Morgul blade, which would have slowly turned him into a wraith under the Nazgûl's control. However, Arwen arrived just in time and used magic to conjure a flash flood that swept the Nazgûl away. The hobbits were then able to flee to Rivendell before the Morgul wound could fully take hold, though Arwen'sswift action was crucial to their survival.

Boromir succumbed to the Ring's corrupting influence, which had been testing him throughout the journey. The Ring exploited Boromir's deepest desire to save Gondor and his people from Sauron's armies, convincing him that using the Ring's power could defeat the Dark Lord. His failure to resist the Ring's temptation represents its ability to corrupt even the noblest hearts.

Frodo realized the Ring was corrupting all his companions and that staying together put them all in danger. He believed he could complete the quest alone without putting anyone else at risk. When he left, Sam, remembering Gandalf's words about hobbit courage, followed him. This decision marked the beginning of the final leg of the journey to Mount Doom.

Galadriel sensed that Boromir would eventually try to take the Ring from Frodo. Her warning was prophetic, as Boromir indeed attempted to seize the Ring at Amon Hen. The betrayal was not out of malice but out of the Ring's corruption exploiting Boromir's desperation to save Gondor from Sauron's forces.

Gandalf confronted the Balrog, known as Durin's Bane, to give the Fellowship time to escape the Mines of Moria. He cast the Balrog into a deep chasm, but the creature's whip dragged him down with it. This sacrifice ensured the others could flee to Lothlórien, though it appeared to cost Gandalf his life.

Arwen was sent by Elrond to find Frodo and bring him to Rivendell, as she was part of the plan to protect him from the Nazgûl. Her love for Aragorn connected her to the quest, and her powerful elven magic was sufficient to conjure the flood that repelled the Ringwraiths. This act solidified her role in the fate of Middle-earth.

The Fellowship was forced to separate because Merry and Pippin were taken by the Uruk-hai, requiring Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli to pursue and rescue them. Meanwhile, Frodo and Sam left for Mordor to complete the quest. This splitting represented the end of the united Fellowship and the beginning of multiple parallel journeys toward the same goal.

The northern route through the Gap of Rohan was blocked by Saruman's forces. The alternative southern route through Minas Tirith would have led them directly into Sauron's main forces at Gondor. The difficult path through Emyn Muil offered the best chance of reaching Mount Doom unnoticed, despite being treacherous and unfamiliar terrain.

Saruman desired the Ring for himself, believing he could use its power to challenge Sauron and become a new Dark Lord. His studies of Ring-lore and lust for power led him to ally with Sauron while secretly working to obtain the Ring for his own purposes. This treachery was discovered by Gandalf at Isengard.