Totò in the Moon

Achilles was fed monkey breast milk as a newborn, which gave him glumonium in his blood. This rare substance made him an ideal candidate for space travel, which is why U.S. scientists became interested in him.

The glumonium discovery early in the film sets up Achilles' transition from aspiring writer to astronaut.

The cosoni are alien duplicates created by the Anellids. They send exact copies of Pasquale and Achilles to be shipped to the Moon, intending to sabotage the human lunar mission and preserve the extraterrestrial peace.

The Anellids' introduction of the cosoni marks the shift from Earth-based comedy to full science fiction parody.

When Pasquale realizes the visitors are FBI agents recruiting Achilles for a real space mission, not publishers interested in his book, he abruptly changes his attitude. Seeing an opportunity, he offers to publish the novel at his own expense and agrees to let Achilles marry his daughter Lidia.

Pasquale's years of hostility toward Achilles' writing setup his sudden reversal when he believes there's profit to be gained.

The Anellids reveal that preventing humanity's conquest of space is necessary to maintain a fragile extraterrestrial peace. They explain that if humans successfully reach the Moon, it would disrupt the galactic balance they have established.

The Anellids' intervention is driven by their need to preserve the cosmic order they oversee.

The German agents kidnap both the real Pasquale and Achilles' cosone, place them in a sleep-like state, and launch them into space inside a rocket. The Anellids then intervene and steer the rocket toward the Moon instead of letting it crash.

This abduction scene transforms the chase from Earth-based intrigue to a surreal space adventure.

After learning that his own absence is meaningless, his cosone has replaced him in every way, Pasquale accepts his exile on the Moon. He convinces the Anellids to transform Achilles' cosone into a beautiful woman so the duplicate can live a full life with the family Achilles has built.

This resolution connects to Pasquale's earlier discovery that nobody missed him.

While on the Moon, Pasquale learns that his cosone has seamlessly taken over his life, running his publishing business, performing his duties, and even courting his former maid exactly as he once did. His absence has gone completely unnoticed, revealing how replaceable he has become.

This revelation completes Pasquale's character arc from arrogant publisher to marginalized figure.

When two FBI agents visit Achilles at the publishing office to recruit him for a space mission, Achilles mishears their government business as publishers interested in international distribution of his science fiction novel. This misunderstanding leads him to welcome the recruitment rather than question it.

This comedic misunderstanding sets up the chain of events that launches Achilles into space.

Von Braut is a German rocket scientist and Tatiana is an alluring spy sent by a rival foreign power. Both are dispatched to pursue Achilles, adding Cold War intrigue to the story and competing with American efforts to secure the astronaut for their own space program.

Their introduction marks the arrival of international espionage elements to the plot.

Pasquale ends up exiled on the Moon, but rather than despairing, he accepts his fate and orchestrates a positive outcome by convincing the Anellids to transform Achilles' cosone into a woman. This allows the duplicate to continue the life Achilles has built, giving Pasquale a bittersweet sense of purpose.

The ending reflects the film's bittersweet tone, where loss is tempered by strange fulfillment.