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It Was In May (1970) movie poster

Characters & Themes

It Was In May (1970) Characters, Setting & Themes Explained

Release, runtime and language
1970 · 110 mins · Russian
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Directed by
Marlen Khutsiyev
Starring
Sergey Shakurov, Vladimir Gostyukhin, Viktor Lazarev, Viktor Uralsky, Eugenija Pleskyte, Pyotr Todorovskiy

Days after Germany’s unconditional surrender, a detachment of Soviet soldiers is assigned to a seemingly untouched farmyard. The quiet rural setting masks a chilling reality, and the Red Army troops soon uncover the full horror of Nazi terror hidden within, confronting the brutal legacy of the war.

On this page (7)
  1. 1 Where to watch
  2. 2 Characters explained (6)
  3. 3 Where & when it takes place
  4. 4 Themes & meaning (3)
  5. 5 Character & meaning questions
  6. 6 Movie threads
  7. 7 Every angle
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6 main characters · contains spoilers

It Was In May Characters Explained: Who Is Who

The main characters of It Was In May (1970), heroes and villains: what drives them, how they change over the course of the story and what each of them reveals about the film's bigger ideas.

  • Lieutenant Nikolaev

    Soviet reconnaissance unit leader who maintains outward control while internalizing the war’s horrors. He anchors the group’s discipline but is forced to navigate a moral line when fear and memory threaten to overwhelm order.

    • ⚔️ Military
    • 🤔 Moral Dilemma
  • Rashke

    Wealthy German pig farmer who appears friendly to the Soviet soldiers but is haunted by a brutal past, including crimes against Rashke’s own family’s prisoners. He and his family disappear at night, hinting at a shadowy history that refuses to stay buried.

    • 🏡 Rural figure
    • 🕯️ Secrets of the past
  • Stefan

    Polish former prisoner who recounts the horrors of the camp and Rashke’s brutality. He describes the gas chambers and the brutal exploitation his wife Katarzyna endured before her execution, making him a witness to the war’s cruelty.

    • 🇵🇱 Polish survivor
    • 🕯️ Trauma
  • Katarzyna

    Stefan’s wife, torn from her family by Rashke’s exploitation, driven to madness by hunger, and eventually sent to the camp where she was executed. Her story embodies the human cost of wartime exploitation.

    • 🇵🇱 Polish victim
    • 🕯️ Victims of brutality
  • German engineer

    A German engineer who speaks Russian and reflects on wartime betrayals. He recounts his wife receiving a bill for the execution of his brother, lamenting the way ordinary Germans were affected by the political machinery of the time.

    • 🇩🇪 German engineer
    • 💬 War guilt
  • Unnamed German prisoner (with dogs)

    An additional former prisoner who mutters in German and recalls the guard dogs, portraying the lingering fear and trauma of the camp’s brutality.

    • 🇩🇪 Camp survivor
    • 🕯️ Trauma

Last updated: October 04, 2025 at 15:18

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Setting

Where and When Does It Was In May Take Place?

The setting of It Was In May (1970): the year and time period, the places and locations, and how they shape the characters, the mood and the tension of the story.

Time period

May 1945

Set in the immediate postwar period, the film juxtaposes the end of the Great Patriotic War with the unsettled, memory-haunted landscape of rural Europe. The soldiers discuss their futures and the cost of war as they encounter former prisoners and confront the past. The time frame anchors the story in a moment of transition from victory to reckoning.

Location

Rashke's farm, Abandoned mansion, Nearby town

The primary setting centers on Rashke’s farm, a rural estate used as temporary Soviet lodging after the war. An abandoned nearby mansion serves as a gathering place for the soldiers, while the surrounding area hints at a recently liberated but unsettled landscape. The night-time stay on the farm underscores the uneasy coexistence between the occupiers and the locals in the immediate postwar period.

  • 🏡 Rural farm
  • 🪖 Postwar occupation
  • 🕯️ Ghosts of the past

Last updated: October 04, 2025 at 15:18

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3 major themes

It Was In May Meaning: Themes & Message Explained

What is It Was In May (1970) really about? The emotional, social and philosophical themes the film keeps returning to, its symbolism and the message beneath the surface.

  • Memory

    Memory and guilt shape the soldiers' perceptions as they listen to Stefan’s recount of Rashke’s crimes and the camp horrors. The past intrudes on the present, turning the farm into a site where the echoes of gas chambers and executions linger. The film probes responsibility and complicity in wartime violence, showing how memories both haunt and reveal truths.

  • Moral Dilemma

    The soldiers’ attempts to pursue Rashke test their discipline as fear and anger threaten to override orders. Nikolaev’s insistence on calm contrasts with the men’s volatile reactions to Rashke’s past. The film questions whether wartime duties justify cruelty, and whether truth-telling can coexist with survival.

  • Haunted Places

    The deserted concentration camp and its furnace rooms haunt the characters, turning spaces of quiet postwar life into memorials of violence. Thick walls and vents symbolize the erasure of humanity under tyranny and the persistence of memory. The setting heightens the sense of dread and reminds the audience that place shapes moral weight.

Last updated: October 04, 2025 at 15:18

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Character & theme questions

It Was In May Characters & Meaning: Your Questions Answered

The questions people ask about It Was In May (1970): who the characters really are, their relationships, what the symbols mean, where it takes place and what the movie is really about. Each answer contains spoilers.

Q1

Where is the movie set?

The story takes place at Rashke's farm, a rural estate in the countryside where Soviet soldiers are billeted after Germany's surrender. An abandoned mansion nearby serves as a gathering place for the troops, and the overall setting reflects the uneasy atmosphere of a recently liberated but unsettled rural landscape in May 1945.

  • rashke farm
  • setting
  • rural location
  • soviet occupation
Q2

What time period does the film cover?

It Was In May is set in May 1945, immediately after Germany's unconditional surrender. The film captures the transitional moment between victory in the Great Patriotic War and the reckoning with the horrors that followed, specifically in a rural European setting.

  • may 1945
  • postwar
  • time period
  • 1945
Q3

What is the main theme of memory and guilt?

Memory and guilt drive the narrative as Soviet soldiers learn about Rashke's crimes through testimony. The past intrudes on the present, turning the peaceful farm into a site where the echoes of gas chambers and executions linger, forcing characters to confront how wartime atrocities haunt both victims and perpetrators.

  • memory
  • guilt
  • past
  • war crimes
  • testimony
Q4

How does the film explore moral dilemmas?

The soldiers face a moral crisis when learning of Rashke's crimes. Nikolaev's insistence on discipline contrasts with the men's anger and fear threatening to override order. The film questions whether wartime duties justify cruelty and if truth-telling can coexist with survival.

  • moral dilemma
  • discipline
  • justice
  • rashke
  • soldiers
Q5

What does the setting represent thematically?

The deserted concentration camp and its furnace rooms transform quiet postwar spaces into memorials of violence. Thick walls and vents symbolize the erasure of humanity under tyranny, while the settings themselves become haunted places where memory persists and moral weight is felt.

  • haunted places
  • concentration camp
  • memory
  • symbolism
  • setting
Q6

Who is Lieutenant Nikolaev?

Nikolaev leads the Soviet reconnaissance unit assigned to Rashke's farm. He maintains outward control and discipline while internalizing the war's horrors. Throughout the film, he must navigate the moral line between maintaining order and confronting the traumatic truths his men discover.

  • lieutenant nikolaev
  • soviet leader
  • commander
  • discipline
Q7

Who is Rashke and what is his background?

Rashke is a wealthy German pig farmer who appears friendly to the Soviet soldiers billeted on his property. However, he and his family have a shadowy history connected to Nazi atrocities. They disappear at night, hinting at crimes against prisoners that refuse to stay buried.

  • rashke
  • german farmer
  • pig farmer
  • war crimes
Q8

Who is Stefan in the story?

Stefan is a Polish former prisoner who serves as a witness to the camp horrors. He recounts the brutality of Rashke's crimes and describes the gas chambers and exploitation his wife Katarzyna endured before her execution, making his testimony central to revealing the truth.

  • stefan
  • polish prisoner
  • witness
  • testimony
  • Katarzyna
Q9

What happened to Katarzyna?

Katarzyna was Stefan's wife who was torn from her family by Rashke's exploitation. She was driven to madness by hunger and eventually sent to the camp where she was executed. Her story embodies the human cost of wartime exploitation and atrocity.

  • katarzyna
  • stefan's wife
  • victim
  • execution
  • camp
Q10

What is the overall tone and atmosphere of the film?

The film carries a consistently heavy atmosphere due to its subject matter of Nazi war crimes and psychological confrontation with the Holocaust. The pacing is slow, focusing on atmospheric tension and character reflection rather than fast-moving plot, creating a melancholy tone that lingers.

  • tone
  • atmosphere
  • mood
  • war crimes
  • Holocaust
Q11

How does the film portray the postwar occupation?

The film depicts the uneasy coexistence between Soviet occupiers and local Germans in the immediate postwar period. Soldiers discuss their futures and the cost of war while billeted at a friendly-seeming farm that conceals darker truths, capturing the unsettled transition from conflict to peace.

  • postwar occupation
  • soviet soldiers
  • germans
  • occupation
  • 1945

Movie threads

More Movies Like It Was In May, by Mood & Story

Curated lists built around what makes It Was In May tick: the same mood, the same kind of story or the same emotional payoff. Each list explains why these movies belong together.

Movies about the aftermath of war like It Was In May

Stories that explore the heavy silence and moral debris left in the wake of conflict. If you were moved by the contemplative and heavy atmosphere of It Was In May, this thread gathers similar films that explore the post-war period. These movies focus on the lingering trauma, moral reckoning, and quiet struggles of survival after the fighting has ended, offering a sobering look at the true cost of conflict.

  • somber
  • reflective
  • grim
  • haunting
  • historical
  • oppressive
  • Tone: melancholic, somber, reflective
  • Pacing: slow, deliberate, atmospheric
Why these movies?

The story pattern: Narratives in this thread typically follow characters—soldiers, civilians, or communities—as they navigate a world shattered by war. The central conflict is often internal or social, revolving around processing trauma, uncovering hidden atrocities, and facing the moral ambiguity of survival. The plot is driven by discovery and reflection rather than external action.

Why they belong together: These films are grouped together because they share a specific setting and thematic focus. They prioritize a melancholic tone, slow pacing, and high emotional weight to convey the oppressive silence and unresolved pain that defines the post-war experience, creating a cohesive vibe of somber historical reflection.

Movies about uncovering dark truths like It Was In May

A slow, grim discovery of historical crimes that forces a moral confrontation. For viewers who appreciated the chilling discovery narrative in It Was In May, this collection features films with a similar pattern. These stories involve a slow, deliberate investigation that leads to the uncovering of horrific events, forcing characters and the audience to confront deeply disturbing truths about history and human nature.

  • uneasy
  • grim
  • haunting
  • somber
  • psychological
  • disturbing
  • Tone: grim, unsettling, melancholic
  • Pacing: slow burn, deliberate
Why these movies?

The story pattern: The narrative pattern follows a journey of investigation or accidental discovery. Characters, often outsiders or newcomers, piece together clues in a subdued environment, leading to a climax that reveals the full scale of a hidden horror. The emotional journey is one of increasing unease shifting to profound shock and sorrow.

Why they belong together: These movies are linked by a specific plot mechanism and emotional arc. They share a slow-burn structure that builds tension through atmosphere rather than action, leading to a devastating reveal. The combination of high tension, high sadness, and a melancholic, bittersweet tone creates a powerfully coherent and unsettling viewing experience.

Every angle

It Was In May (1970) Explained: Plot, Timeline & Characters

Everything about It Was In May in one place: what happens in the plot summary, the timeline in chronological order, the characters and meaning and a spoiler-free summary. What's After the Movie adds the cast, box office and post-credit scenes.

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