Grave of the Fireflies

In March 1945, American bombers devastate Kobe during the waning days of the Pacific War. Seita and his sister Setsuko, children of an Imperial Japanese Navy captain, survive, but their mother dies. Seita conceals their mother’s death from Setsuko and the two children soon move in with a stern aunt. He retrieves a cache he had buried before the bombing and, while he gives most of it to his aunt, he keeps a single tin of Sakuma drops for Setsuko. The aunt pressures him to sell his mother’s silk kimonos to buy rice, a move that devastates Setsuko and strains their fragile situation.

As rations dwindle, the aunt grows resentful of the children, and Seita does little to earn the food she prepares. At her urging, he withdraws some money from their mother’s bank account to buy a charcoal stove and other supplies. After another air raid, they retreat to an abandoned bomb shelter, where they try to light the darkness by releasing fireflies from the marshes. The next morning, the fireflies lie still; Setsuko buries them and laments that their aunt has told her their mother died, then softly asks why the fireflies had to die so soon.

The family’s hardship deepens when rice runs scarce. A compassionate farmer suggests that Seita swallow his pride and return to his aunt, but he refuses, choosing instead to steal crops and break into homes during air raids. A farmer catches him and brings him to the police, yet a sympathetic officer lets him go. Setsuko falls ill, and a doctor explains she is malnourished. Seita withdraws the last of the money from their mother’s bank account and learns with a heavy heart that Japan has surrendered and that their father is most likely dead as well.

Returning with food, Seita finds Setsuko in a state of delirium; she dies as he finishes preparing the meals for her. He cremates her body and her doll in a straw casket, carrying her ashes in the candy tin alongside his father’s photograph. A few weeks later, Seita dies of starvation at a Sannomiya train station, surrounded by others who are also malnourished. A janitor, tasked with clearing the dead before American arrival, discovers the candy tin and discards it into a field. Setsuko’s ashes spill from the container, and her spirit rises, joined by Seita’s, beside a cloud of fireflies. The two board a ghostly train and look back on the events that led to their deaths as silent, observant travelers. Their spirits arrive at a hilltop bench overlooking present-day Kobe, surrounded by fireflies, where they are finally at peace.

Last Updated: October 09, 2025 at 16:30