The Hollow Crown: Richard II

Richard II sits on his throne, the crown resting uneasily on his head as he navigates a fraught court. He greets John of Gaunt, Patrick Stewart, who has brought his son Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, to press charges against Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, accusing him of treason. The atmosphere crackles with tension as the two nobles prepare to settle their dispute in single combat, but the king pleads for peace, and when the rivals refuse to yield, Richard reluctantly sets a duel date for Coventry. The stage is set for a dramatic contest that will test loyalties, honor, and the very balance of power in the realm.

In Coventry, Bolingbroke seeks one last boon from the king—a final kiss, which is graciously granted—before he and Mowbray mount their horses and ride forth armed not with lances but with a mace and a sword. The spectacle of the impending clash is halted unexpectedly when the king throws down his warder and intervenes, ordering the combatants back to the pavilion. From there, he imposes sentences: Bolingbroke is banished for ten years, while Mowbray is condemned to life away from England. The two men accept their fates, vowing not to meet again and to refrain from rebellion against Richard. In a gesture of filial regard, Richard reduces Bolingbroke’s banishment by four years, showing a nuanced willingness to balance mercy with political necessity.

As the court settles into the shifting tides of power, Richard turns to his cousin, Tom Hughes as Aumerle, the son and heir of the Duke of York, asking how Bolingbroke left the land and whether he has been winning over the common people. He notes that Bolingbroke’s popularity is growing among the populace, a development that unsettles the king and his counselors who rely on the stability of the old order. The court is awash with whispers about funding armies for campaigns in Ireland, and Richard contemplates the challenges of sustaining soldiers and paying for their needs. It is a moment of sober calculation, even as political undercurrents threaten to bubble over into open rebellion.

News arrives that John of Gaunt is gravely ill, and Richard perceives an opportunity to press Gaunt’s assets in service of war. The scene shifts to Ely House, Gaunt’s home, where the dying duke contends with the king’s governance and the king’s practice of leasing lands for revenue. The confrontation nearly erupts into violence when Richard draws his sword, but the exchange ends with the passing of Gaunt and the realization that Bolingbroke’s return could destabilize the realm. York voices caution, insisting that the lands should pass to Bolingbroke, but he is ignored as Richard seeks to secure York’s loyalty by appointing him Governor of England in the king’s absence. Northumberland, Ross, and Willoughby examine the king’s failings, and Northumberland drops a crucial beacon: Bolingbroke has come back to England with the aim of seizing power.

The queen, posing for a portrait, becomes a backdrop to the political maneuvering as Bolingbroke’s forces press forward. Bushy and Green reveal the now-returned Bolingbroke, and York stands helpless, unsure how to defend the crown. The factional lines deepen as Bushy and Green head for Bristol Castle, while Bagot sets out to rally Welsh troops for the king. In the woods, Bolingbroke and Northumberland discuss their plans, and York arrives to admonish them, attempting to sway them from rebellion. Bolingbroke, who speaks with a lover’s candor about his affection for York, asks for neutrality, but York remains unable to fully commit one way or the other.

In Wales, the assembled army under the Earl of Salisbury waits for Richard, but after a sluggish ten-day pause and no sign of the king, they disperse, returning to their homes with the impression that Richard is dead. Bolingbroke re-enters Ely House to find it empty, and his men capture Bushy and Green, whom he accuses of steering the king astray and has them executed. Richard, meanwhile, reaches Wales, where Aumerle warns him of Bolingbroke’s strength. Believing that his presence can quell the rebellion, Richard presses on, only to learn that the Welsh troops have dispersed and the northern strongholds are slipping away. He contemplates refuge at Flint Castle as the landscape of England shifts beneath him.

Bolingbroke and Northumberland eventually confront Richard at Flint Castle, where the Welsh wind of change blows strongly. Bolingbroke offers a conditional return: if Richard’s banishment is repealed, he will stand by the king; the two men meet, and Richard reluctantly agrees to Bolingbroke’s terms, planning to return to London with his rival once more in the field. The move marks a turning point in the drama, signaling a new political reality where force and legitimacy intertwine.

In Langley, the queen and her attendant listen to gardeners’ gossip about Richard’s fate, while the wheels of deposition grind inexorably forward. In Westminster Hall, Bolingbroke, now Duke of Lancaster, learns that Richard has abdicated and named him his successor as Henry IV. The bishop of Carlisle objects and is arrested; Richard returns the crown to Bolingbroke, though he admits his ambivalence. Henry asks if Richard truly wishes to resign, and the former king confirms his decision. Northumberland presents him with the formal accusation, demanding acceptance to demonstrate that the deposition was justified. Richard asks for a looking-glass to see his changed face and smashes it, a stark symbol of the transience of kingship. Henry then sends him to the Tower, where plans are laid for Richard’s coronation.

At the Tower, the queen waits for her husband’s fate as Aumerle consults with the Abbot Westminster and the Bishop of Carlisle, plotting to recover the crown for Richard. Richard urges the queen to flee to France, while Northumberland informs him that Henry intends to send him to Pomfret rather than the Tower. The queen pleads to be allowed to accompany him to Pomfret, but her request is denied.

In the Duke of York’s palace, York and the Duchess lament Richard’s humiliation. Aumerle enters, bearing a letter that reveals a plot to kill Henry at Oxford, prompting York to race toward the king to warn him, despite the Duchess’s pleas. Henry parries the threat by forgiving Aumerle, but promises a harsher reckoning for the other conspirators, while the Duchess pleads for mercy on her son. The stage is set for a reckoning that will seal the fate of those who betrayed the crown.

At Pomfret Castle, Richard reflects on his fate as a groom tends to the royal horse, Barbary. Aumerle abruptly appears, and the story closes with the grim act that seals his doom: Richard is slain. Back at Windsor, Northumberland returns with the heads of Oxford, Salisbury, Blunt, and Kent, while Willoughby presents the severed heads of Brocas and Sir Bennet Seely, and Percy delivers the still-living body of the Abbot of Westminster and the Bishop of Carlisle. Henry forgives the acts of vengeance, yet he bears the weight of guilt, and the play resolves with a somber plan for a penitential voyage to the Holy Land, a final act of contrition in a realm where power has proven as deadly as it is transformative.

Last Updated: October 01, 2025 at 10:21