The film delves into the devastating incidents involving the Boeing 737 MAX in 2019, which led to the tragic crashes of two airliners and the loss of 346 lives. At the core of the narrative is a critical examination of whether Boeing prioritized financial profits over the safety of its passengers and the company’s longstanding reputation for quality and safety.
As Kennedy articulated about Boeing's journey into the 21st century, > "There were many decades when Boeing did extraordinary things by focusing on excellence and safety and ingenuity. Those three virtues were seen as the key to profit." However, this focus began to shift when the company was taken over by leaders who viewed Wall Street as the ultimate objective, rather than balancing profit with public welfare.
The story follows the events from October 19, 2018, when LionAir Flight 610 tragically plummeted shortly after takeoff in Jakarta, Indonesia. The Boeing 737 MAX, newly introduced yet untested, was thought to be in normal ascent; however, faulty sensor readings caused the aircraft to lose control, crashing and claiming 189 lives. Initially, Boeing deflected blame onto the Indonesian air safety standards, LionAir, and pilot errors, never acknowledging the possibility of a flaw in their aircraft design.
As recovery efforts continued, black box findings revealed that a defective angle of attack sensor had triggered erroneous readings, leading to repeated nose-down commands from the plane’s Maneuver Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS). Despite the mounting evidence, Dennis Muilenburg, then Chairman of Boeing, maintained a public facade of safety, downplaying the system’s role.
In November, Boeing released a statement about the erroneous MCAS activation, a term that had been previously unknown to many, including the pilots of Lion Air. Critics, including journalist Andy Pasztor from the Wall Street Journal, contended that Boeing withheld vital information regarding the MCAS from pilot unions, igniting a firestorm within the aviation community. Following the LionAir crash, Boeing began to brief pilot unions about the system's implications, while simultaneously reassuring the public of the 737 MAX's safety.
Then, on March 10, 2019, tragedy struck again as Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 met a similar fate, killing 157 individuals. This time, investigators discovered almost identical patterns to the LionAir incident. The swift grounding of the aircraft by Trump and subsequent congressional investigations highlighted the growing concern regarding pilot training and design flaws within Boeing's operations.
For years, Boeing had been celebrated as a titan in the aviation industry, known for its innovations such as the Boeing 707 and 747; however, a shift toward prioritizing profit led to diminished safety protocols. The pivotal merger with McDonnell Douglas in 1996 under Harry Stonecipher brought about a culture where cutting costs took precedence over engineering excellence.
As production pressures intensified, a reduction in quality staff and resources became apparent. By the time the 737 MAX was introduced, the plants were primarily focused on rapid output, hampering Boeing's commitment to safety and quality. With Airbus gaining ground in the market and the A320 NEO launching successfully, Boeing sought to modify the aging 737 design by adding new fuel-efficient engines without inciting the need for retraining pilots. However, this plan led to a reliance on a single sensor for critical flight operations—an oversight that would later prove catastrophic.
In a series of congressional hearings, it became evident that Boeing was aware of the potential risks yet chose to pursue profit over rigorous safety protocols. The fallout from the investigations resulted in Boeing facing severe financial penalties, leading to a corporate re-evaluation. Ultimately, the MCAS system was redesigned, and the grounded fleet recommenced operations in November 2020.
Boeing's journey through these crises shines a light on the critical importance of safety in aviation, the devastating outcomes of neglecting this principle, and raises questions about corporate responsibility and ethics in high-stakes industries.
